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Compiler Runtime Environment
5.5
5.6
HEAP USAGE
The C runtime heap is an uninitialized area of data memory that is used for dynamic
memory allocation using the standard C library dynamic memory management
functions, calloc , malloc and realloc . If you do not use any of these functions,
then you do not need to allocate a heap. By default, a heap is not created.
If you do want to use dynamic memory allocation, either directly, by calling one of the
memory allocation functions, or indirectly, by using a standard C library function that
uses one of these functions, then a heap must be created. A heap is created by
specifying its size on the linker command line using the --defsym_min_heap_size
linker command line option. An example of allocating a heap of 512 bytes using the
command line is:
pic32-gcc foo.c -Wl,--defsym,_min_heap_size=512
The linker allocates the heap immediately before the stack.
FUNCTION CALLING CONVENTION
The Stack Pointer is always aligned on a 4-byte boundary.
? All integer types smaller than a 32-bit integer are first converted to a 32-bit value.
for how many registers are required for each data type).
? Although some arguments may be passed in registers, space is still allocated on
the stack for all arguments to be passed to a function (see Figure 5-2).
? When calling a function:
- Registers a0 - a3 are used for passing arguments to functions. Values in these
registers are not preserved across function calls.
- Registers t0 - t7 and t8 - t9 are caller saved registers. The calling function
must push these values onto the stack for the registers’ values to be saved.
- Registers s0 - s7 are called saved registers. The function being called must
save any of these registers it modifies.
- Register s8 is a saved register if the optimizer eliminates its use as the Frame
Pointer. s8 is a reserved register otherwise.
- Register ra contains the return address of a function call.
TABLE 5-2:
REGISTERS REQUIRED
char
short
int
long
long long
float
double
long double
Structure
? 2007 Microchip Technology Inc.
Data Type
Number of Registers Required
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
Up to 4, depending on the size of the struct.
DS51686A-page 59
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SW300003-EVAL
LIBRARY SOFT MODEM-EVAL ONLY
SW300010-EVAL
SPEECH RECOG LIBRARY-EVAL ONLY
SW300040-EVAL
LIBRARY NOISE SUPPR-EVAL ONLY
SW300060-EVAL
LIBRARY ACOUSTIC ECHO-EVAL ONLY
SW300070-EVAL
SOFTWARE LIBR ENC/DEC EVAL ONLY
SW500012
HI-TECH C PRO FOR PIC32
SY87701LHI-EVAL
BOARD EVAL SY87701 EXPERIMENT
SY87729LHI-EVAL
BOARD EVAL N SY87729 EXPERIMENT
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